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All too often I come across articles on giving that feature complex strategies like charitable remainder trusts, conservation easements, and starting a foundation. While these strategies can work for the right situation, the average American doesn’t need them. Here are three charitable planning ideas that the average American can use.
Gift Appreciated Stock to Your Favorite Charity
People write checks to their favorite charity and get a tax deduction for 100% of the donation without even thinking [i] . A better option is to gift appreciated stock that you have held for more than a year to the charity and take a tax deduction for the fair market value of the stock and avoid the capital gain [ii] . Neither you or the charity have to pay the capital gains tax! It is a win for everyone except the IRS. Here is how it works.
Annie is in the 25% Federal Tax bracket and owns XZY stock that she bought several years ago for $3,000. The stock has appreciated to $12,000 and she no longer wants to hold the stock. If Annie’s capital gains tax is 15%, she will save $1,350 on the $9,000 gain and be able to give more to charity.
Next time you are considering a big gift to charity, look at the gains in your brokerage account first and see if there is a smarter way to give. In order to write off charitable deductions you must be able to itemize your taxes.
Leave Your Traditional IRA to a Charity
I love 401(k) plans and traditional IRAs. They are the easiest way to reduce your current income taxes and they grow tax deferred. When you die with money in a Traditional 401(k) or Traditional IRA your heirs will still have to pay taxes when they make distributions. If you are going to give some of your estate to charity, one of the smartest things you can do is make a charity the beneficiary of all or part of one of your Traditional IRAs or Traditional 401(k)s.
If your kids inherit the IRA, they will have to pay Federal and State Income Taxes for each withdrawal they make from their inherited IRA. If your daughter in California who makes $500,000 inherits your IRA, she will have to pay 39.6% in Federal Taxes and 11.3% in State Taxes on every distribution made from the IRA you left her. Every time she wants to pull a dollar out, she will have to pay 50.9 cents in taxes! On the other hand, a qualified charity can receive that IRA and avoid Federal and State Income taxes entirely. This allows you to avoid some income taxes your entire career and do the maximum good with what you didn’t need when you pass away.
It is far better for your heirs to inherit Roth IRAs where the gains are tax free to them. Stocks, bonds, real estate, and mutual funds held outside of IRAs receive a step up in basis at your death and are also tax friendly to your heirs. You could have bought a stock 50 years ago for $1 and if it is worth $100 the day you die, your heirs will only have to pay tax on the gains above $100, not the gains above $1. This works the same for the house you bought for $200,000 that is worth $500,000 when you die.
Donor-Advised Funds
Donor-advised funds (DAF) have grown in popularity in recent years. A DAF is a charitable giving vehicle that is sponsored by a public charity that allows an immediate tax deduction in the year the money is contributed to the DAF, even though the funds may not be paid out to the charity until a future date. The donor can recommend grants to any IRS qualified public charity.
The use of a DAFs is especially beneficial in the year a donor receives a large amount of income from the exercise of stock options, the sale of a business, or the payment of deferred compensation; and where the donor would have wanted to make donations over time but would be limited in the deductibility of the donations in lower income years.
Other benefits of a DAF include tax free growth on the investments in the fund (as it is a charitable entity), the ability to make donations anonymously if desired, and the low minimums needed to open and maintain a DAF account. You can also donate appreciated stock to a DAF and avoid the capital gains taxes as discussed previously. Creating a donor advised fund gives you many of the benefits of creating a foundation without the legal fees and compliance complexities.
While the donor can make grant recommendations, it is the sponsoring entity that has ultimate control over the grants. Provided the charitable organization and the donation meet the requirements, it would be uncommon to see a recommendation not followed. The sponsoring charities are required by law to ensure that grants are only made to qualified charities and are used for charitable purposes.
If you have a windfall coming up or want to dispose of some highly appreciated stock, consider the benefits of opening a donor advised fund. Make sure to consult your tax advisor before proceeding with any of these strategies. Happy giving.
[i] Subject to a limit of 50% of AGI, with a 5 year carryover of unused amounts [ii] Subject to a limit of 30% of AGI, with a 5 year carryover of unused amounts