Are You in a Distancer-Pursuer Relationship? 8 Ways to Get Out

How we communicate with others begins with our family of origin – our first family. They provide a template that becomes our foundation. Although our template is a foundation, its one that changes over time and influenced by our interactions with others and the relationships we create.

The ways in which two people communicate says a lot about their own family of origin, their communication style, and because of those two factors how they attempt to resolve conflict. These communication patterns become a ‘dance’ between two people. Sometimes the dance moves slowly and effortlessly; other times it leaves couples stuck. They find it difficult to change the pattern they have created or extricate themselves from them.

These patterns of interaction are fostered due to one or both partners' limitations in effective communication skills, as well as not being able to understand, identify, own, and express their feelings of fear and vulnerability. Often times each person has fears that the relationship will not work out (even if expressed differently), that their partner will not have their back and be available, that they will not feel safe in their relationship and that their safe haven is being jeopardized. These all make people feel equally vulnerable.

How do all these factors get played out? In one of the most common communication patterns: the Distancer-Pursuer relationship.

According to John Gottman, Ph.D, Professor Emeritus and chief psychology 'guru', the tendency of men to withdraw and women to pursue is wired into our physiological makeup and reflects a basic gender difference. Women tend to be the Pursuer – wanting to engage in communication and continue to try and talk it out – despite the futility at the time. They will do this until their needs are met. Men, on the other hand, tend to be the Distancer – they want to flee the argument and run to their man cave. They run (often for the hills!) when they feel pursued. They want to avoid conflict. They also need space and time, a cooling off, time to focus and process. The Pursuer doesn’t see it that way. They certainly don’t feel it that way. They want to connect now and figure it out now. They often become increasingly critical.

As you can imagine, this sets up a dynamic that, if not recognized, can get couples stuck in a pattern with little chance of resolving the conflict to a degree that is agreeable to both parties,

Every time there is a conflict or a disagreement, they each play out their role, with increased frustration. One partner who is seeking security as a way to assuage their anxiety reaches for the other in their attempt to want more contact. Their partner may feel overwhelmed by this and actually does the opposite of what the other needs – they create space and withdraw to relieve their anxiety.

As a result, a pattern of relating is established. And you can imagine, this type of communication style is a major contributor to a marital and relationship breakdown. Unfortunately, many couples who fall into this pattern early in marriage do not make it to their fifth anniversary – while others are wired in it indefinitely! Eeekk....

Take an example of this common situation – Stacy and Ron.

In the early stages of their relationship, Stacy and Ron spent a lot of time together. However, as time progressed and they moved out of the honeymoon stage, Stacy started spending more time with friends as she had done before her relationship with Ron. He, in turn, started to feel insecure and demanded more time and attention from her. Stacy felt pressured and started to withdraw and spend more time with her friends. Ron felt the distance and because he was insecurely attached became more aggressive in his attempts to connect and started to text and call her more. Without taking a break or hitting the pause button, this type of dance continued for a long time until they were able to gain a better understanding and insight into each other’s communication patterns and underlying attachment needs. They were able to break their cycle.

8 Ways to Resolve this pattern and create a healthier relationship

Know your communication style. Have a conversation about your own first family and how your parents and other family members communicated with one another. This is key. Look for differences and similarities. Have that conversation.

Create greater safety and trust. Build a foundation. Begin with a soft start up (Is this a good time to talk?) and create dialogue about how you both want to create greater safety and trust in the relationship. This means honoring how each person feels even if you disagree. This allows each person to feel 'safe' that they can share how they feel.

Recognize patterns. Are there certain trigger words? Are there certain times that you feel more overwhelmed or need to continue to have the conversation. Observe the process of communication within the relationship - not the content or the topic. The goal is not to figure out how to manage every topic or discussion, but to create a different process - or dance- that will allow each of you the opportunity to change how you communicate with one another.

Have a plan . Recognize and examine when moments of disconnection occur. Start to slow down the "spin cycle" so you can give it closer examination. For example, make a plan to take a timeout. When both people are flooded with emotions your brain is literally on overdrive. By taking a timeout – say 30 minutes or so – couples can decrease their anxiety and start to talk about the issue at hand again. However, come up a plan before you start to argue or when there are moments of calm when cooler heads prevail and they are at a good place.

Alternative communication. For example, I am not a huge fan of texting - especially something serious and in depth - however, if people limit themselves to only talking to one another in person, they may feel very frustrated, especially in the beginning. Some people do better at email (which gives them the time to share feelings). You can use this a springboard to deeper conversations. Some couples start a journal together as they learn how to communicate in more effective and healthy ways.

Have a 'we' attitude. Nothing creates greater intimacy and a stronger relationship when both people feel and say they are on board. They also recognize they may have many 'fits and starts' and that’s ok - but if they both feel they are in this together and want to find a way out of their unhealthy 'dance' they have created, that speaks volumes!

Manage your own emotions. In times of stress, we are flooded with emotions. Each person needs to have the emotional bandwidth. It's not your partners/spouse job to manage your emotions.

Stay on topic. Nothing says let's fight more by bringing up all the issues that you feel are still unresolved. When you are in the midst of a discussion - stay on topic. By choosing one thing to discuss and leaving the other issues to another time, will help each person stay on task. And by the way, this can also be part of your plan! (see # 4)

Eventually, you will both get to a better place – one in which you can stay in the conversation, recognize your triggers, and make a plan to stay connected! (Yes, this can happen) By doing that, you will ultimately create a stronger relationship, one that you both believe will stand the test of time, with both people feeling better about they communicate with one another.

Carry on!